High-Intensity interval training and α-linolenic acid supplementation improve DHA conversion and increase the abundance of gut mucosa-associated oscillospira bacteria
Résumé
Obesity, a major public health problem, is the consequence of an excess of body fat and biological alterations in the adipose tissue. Our aim was to determine whether high-intensity inter-val training (HIIT) and/or α-linolenic acid supplementation (to equilibrate the n-6/n-3 polyunsatu-rated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio) might prevent obesity disorders, particularly by modulating the mu-cosa-associated microbiota. Wistar rats received a low fat diet (LFD; control) or high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce obesity. Then, animals in the HFD group were divided in four groups: HFD (control), HFD + linseed oil (LO), HFD + HIIT, HFD + HIIT + LO. In the HIIT groups, rats ran on a treadmill, 4days.week−1. Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA content, body composition, inflammation, and in-testinal mucosa-associated microbiota composition were assessed after 12 weeks. LO supplementa-tion enhanced α-linolenic acid (ALA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) conversion in erythrocytes, and HIIT potentiated this conversion. Compared with HFD, HIIT limited weight gain, fat mass ac-cumulation, and adipocyte size, whereas LO reduced systemic inflammation. HIIT had the main effect on gut microbiota β-diversity, but the HIIT + LO association significantly increased Oscillo-spira relative abundance. In our conditions, HIIT had a major effect on body fat mass, whereas HIIT + LO improved ALA conversion to DHA and increased the abundance of Oscillospira bacteria in the microbiota.
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