Napping and cognitive performance during night shifts: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Résumé
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the benefits of napping during night shifts on cognitive
performance.
METHODS: Medline, Cochrane Library, Science direct and Embase databases were searched
up to 01/07/2019. Cognitive performance during night shifts, both before and following
napping or under control conditions (no nap), in working-aged adults, were analysed by time
and by type of cognitive function (executive function, attention, instrumental function and
memory). Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.
RESULTS: 18 articles (6 in real-work and 12 in laboratory) with a total of 494 participants
were included. The mean nap duration was 41.6±28.3 min, occurring between 12.00 and 4.10
am, with a mean time set at 2.12 am. Cognitive performance did not differ at baseline between
the groups (effect size 0.02, 95%CI -0.09 to 0.13). There was an overall improvement in
performance following a nap compared to the control condition without a nap (0.25, 0.10 to
0.41). Positioning naps early in the night and activity (simulated work tasks) tended to improve
cognitive performance (-0.57, -1.16 to 0.002, and 0.082, -0.04 to 0.33, respectively). The
improvements were primarily seen 30 minutes after awakening. Only memory deteriorated
immediately after awakening without an overall change in global cognitive performance.
CONCLUSION: Napping during night shifts seems to improve cognitive performance.
Napping early in the night and activity may benefit cognitive performance over time.
Considering lack of data in real work environments, further studies are warranted before
preconizing napping during night shifts as a preventive strategy (safety, health, economic
outcomes).
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