M. Akaogi, E. Ito, and A. Navrotsky, Olivine-modified spinel-spinel transitions in 654 the system Mg 2 SiO 4 -Fe 2 SiO 4 : Calorimetric measurements, thermochemical calculation, 655 and geophysical application, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.94, issue.B11, pp.15671-15685, 1989.

C. J. Allègre, Isotope geodynamics, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.86, issue.2-4, pp.175-203, 1987.

D. Andrault, M. A. Bouhifd, J. P. Itie, and P. Richet, Compression and 660 amorphization of (Mg, Fe) 2 SiO 4 olivines: an X-ray diffraction study up to 70 GPa, 1995.

, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol.22, issue.2, pp.99-107

, Guadalupe Island lavas and ultramafic xenoliths, Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, vol.743, issue.500, pp.2509-2517

H. Fechtig and S. Kalbitzer, The diffusion of argon in potassium-bearing solids, 745 Potassium argon dating, pp.68-107, 1966.

T. Futagami, M. Ozima, S. Nagal, and Y. Aoki, Experiments on thermal release of 747 implanted noble gases from minerals and their implications for noble gases in lunar soil 748 grains, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.57, issue.13, pp.3177-3194, 1993.

, , p.90302

J. Gasc, S. Demouchy, F. Barou, S. Koizumi, and P. Cordier, Creep mechanisms in 751 the lithospheric mantle inferred from deformation of iron-free forsterite aggregates at 752 900-1200° C, 2019.

O. Gérard, J. , and O. , Oxygen diffusion in San Carlos olivine, Journal, p.754, 1989.

, Geophysical Research, vol.94, issue.B4, pp.4119-4128

R. German, Sintering: from empirical observations to scientific principles, 2014.

. Butterworth-heinemann,

Y. Gueguen and M. Darot, Microstructures and stresses in naturally deformed 758 peridotites, Tectonic Stresses in the Alpine-Mediterranean Region, pp.159-172, 1980.

. Springer,

D. L. Hahs-vaughn and R. G. Lomax, Statistical concepts: A second course, 2013.

. Routledge,

R. K. Ham, The determination of dislocation densities in thin films. Philosophical reference to the alkali halides, Transactions of the Faraday Society, vol.57, p.1191, 1961.

,

T. M. Harrison and O. M. Lovera, The multi-diffusion domain model: past, present 770 and future, vol.378, pp.91-106, 2014.

E. W. Hart, On the role of dislocations in bulk diffusion, Acta Metallurgica, vol.5, issue.10, p.597, 1957.

V. S. Heber, R. A. Brooker, S. P. Kelley, and B. J. Wood, Crystal-melt partitioning 774 of noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) for olivine and clinopyroxene, 2007.

, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.71, issue.4, pp.1041-1061

M. T. Heizler, S. Ralser, and K. E. Karlstrom, , 1997.

, 40Ar/39Ar age spectra, Precambrian Research, vol.84, issue.1-2, pp.1-15

D. R. Hilton, G. M. Mcmurtry, and R. Kreulen, Evidence for extensive degassing of 780 the Hawaiian mantle plume from helium-carbon relationships at Kilauea volcano, 1997.

, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.24, issue.23, pp.3065-3068

T. Hiraga and D. L. Kohlstedt, Systematic distribution of incompatible elements in 783 mantle peridotite: Importance of intra-and inter-granular melt-like components, 2009.

. Fe-mg, Ni and Mn diffusion in (Fe x Mg ? x ) 2 SiO4 olivine, Physics of the Earth and 793 Planetary Interiors, vol.162, issue.3-4, pp.186-198

M. Honda, I. Mcdougall, D. B. Patterson, A. Doulgeris, and D. A. Clague, Noble 795 gases in submarine pillow basalt glasses from Loihi and Kilauea, Hawaii: a solar 796 component in the Earth, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.57, issue.4, pp.859-874, 1993.

D. Hull and D. J. Bacon, Introduction to dislocation, International Series on Materials 798 Science and Technology, 1989.

H. Idrissi, C. Bollinger, F. Boioli, D. Schryvers, and P. Cordier, Low-temperature 800 plasticity of olivine revisited with in situ TEM nanomechanical testing, Science, 2016.

, Advances, vol.2, issue.3, p.1501671

C. R. Jackson, S. W. Parman, S. P. Kelley, and R. F. Cooper, Constraints on 803 light noble gas partitioning at the conditions of spinel-peridotite melting. Earth and 804 Planetary Science Letters, vol.384, pp.178-187, 2013.

O. Jaoul, B. Houlier, M. Cheraghmakani, R. Pichon, and R. C. Liebermann, , 1987.

, Surface destabilization and laboratory-induced non-stoichiometry in San Carlos olivine

, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol.15, issue.1, pp.41-53

R. Joesten, Grain-boundary diffusion kinetics in silicate and oxide minerals, 1991.

S. Kelley, E. Baxter, D. Cherniak, P. Clay, J. Thomas et al., Observation of giant diffusivity along 847 dislocation cores, Science, vol.319, pp.1646-1649, 2008.

O. M. Lovera, Computer programs to model 40 Ar/ 39 Ar diffusion data from 849 multidomain samples, Computers and Geosciences, vol.18, issue.7, pp.789-813, 1992.

O. M. Lovera, F. M. Richter, and T. M. Harrison, The 40 Ar/ 39 Ar thermochronometry 851 for slowly cooled samples having a distribution of diffusion domain sizes, Journal of 852 Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.94, issue.B12, pp.17917-17935, 1989.

,

S. J. Mackwell and D. L. Kohlstedt, Diffusion of hydrogen in olivine: implications 855 for water in the mantle, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.95, issue.B4, pp.5079-856, 1990.

S. Mahendran, P. Carrez, S. Groh, and P. Cordier, Dislocation modelling in, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01606755

, Mg 2 SiO 4 forsterite: an atomic-scale study based on the THB1 potential. Modelling and 859 Simulation in, Materials Science and Engineering, vol.25, issue.5, p.54002

D. Marrocchelli, L. Sun, and B. Yildiz, Dislocations in SrTiO 3 : Easy To Reduce but 861 Not so Fast for Oxygen Transport, /ja513176u. diffusion rates in forsterite, vol.137, pp.100-112, 2015.

R. Parai and S. Mukhopadhyay, The evolution of MORB and plume mantle volatile 894 budgets: Constraints from fission Xe isotopes in Southwest Indian Ridge basalts, 2015.

, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, vol.16, issue.1, pp.719-735

,

M. S. Paterson, Rock deformation experimentation. The Brittle-Ductile Transition in, 1990.

S. Piazolo, A. La-fontaine, P. Trimby, S. Harley, L. Yang et al.,

M. , Deformation-induced trace element redistribution in zircon revealed using 901 atom probe tomography, Nature Communications, p.7, 2016.

C. Pinilla, S. Davis, T. B. Scott, N. L. Allan, and J. D. Blundy, Interfacial storage 903 of noble gases and other trace elements in magmatic systems, Earth and Planetary, 2012.

, 905 feldspar: evidence of microstructural control on Ar isotope systematics, Contributions to, p.918

P. W. Reiners and K. A. Farley, Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.141, issue.2, pp.186-200, 1999.

, Helium diffusion and (U-Th)/He thermochronometry of titanite, Geochimica et, p.920

, Cosmochimica Acta, vol.63, issue.22, pp.3845-3859

,

P. W. Reiners, T. L. Spell, S. Nicolescu, and K. A. Zanetti, Zircon (U-Th)/He 923 thermochronometry: He diffusion and comparisons with 40Ar/39Ar dating. Geochimica 924 et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.68, pp.1857-1887, 2004.

W. Rison, C. , and H. , Helium isotopes and mantle volatiles in Loihi Seamount and 926, 1983.

, Hawaiian Island basalts and xenoliths, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.66, pp.407-927

A. J. Smye, C. R. Jackson, M. Konrad-schmolke, M. A. Hesse, S. W. Parman et al., , p.929

D. L. Ballentine and C. J. , Noble gases recycled into the mantle through cold 930 subduction zones, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.471, pp.65-73, 2017.

N. A. Starkey, F. M. Stuart, R. M. Ellam, J. G. Fitton, S. Basu et al., , 2009.

, Helium isotopes in early Iceland plume picrites: Constraints on the composition of high

, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.277, issue.1-2, pp.91-100

,

T. Staudacher, A. , and C. J. , Recycling of oceanic crust and sediments: the noble 936 of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.278, pp.34-46, 1988.

J. B. Thomas, D. J. Cherniak, and E. B. Watson, Lattice diffusion and solubility of 944 argon in forsterite, enstatite, quartz and corundum, Chemical Geology, vol.253, issue.1-2, pp.1-22, 2008.

,

C. Thoraval and S. Demouchy, Numerical models of ionic diffusion in one and three 947 dimensions: application to dehydration of mantle olivine, Physics and Chemistry, 2014.

. Minerals, , vol.41, pp.709-723

I. Tolstikhin, I. Kamensky, S. Tarakanov, J. Kramers, M. Pekala et al., , p.950

D. Novikov, Noble gas isotope sites and mobility in mafic rocks and olivine, 2010.

, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.74, issue.4, pp.1436-1447

,

T. W. Trull and M. D. Kurz, Experimental measurements of 3 He and 4 He mobility in 954 olivine and clinopyroxene at magmatic temperatures, Geochimica et Cosmochimica, 1993.

. Acta, , vol.57, pp.90068-90076

P. J. Valbracht, T. Staudacher, A. Malahoff, A. , and C. J. , Noble gas 957 systematics of deep rift zone glasses from, p.958, 1997.

, Science Letters, vol.150, issue.3, pp.399-411

M. C. Van-soest, B. D. Monteleone, K. V. Hodges, and J. W. Boyce, Laser depth 960 profiling studies of helium diffusion in Durango fluorapatite. Geochimica et 961 principles calculations, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.156, pp.145-153, 2011.

J. Wartho, S. P. Kelley, and S. C. Elphick, Ar diffusion and solubility 969 measurements in plagioclases using the ultra-violet laser depth-profiling technique, 2014.

, Geological Society, vol.378, issue.1, pp.137-154

E. B. Watson and D. J. Cherniak, Lattice diffusion of Ar in quartz, with constraints 972 on Ar solubility and evidence of nanopores, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.67, issue.11, pp.973-2043, 2003.

E. B. Watson, J. B. Thomas, and D. J. Cherniak, 40 Ar retention in the terrestrial 975 planets, Nature, issue.7160, p.299, 2007.

J. Wolfenstine, Effects of pipe diffusion on the creep behaviour of dry olivine, 1990.

, Philosophical Magazine Letters, vol.62, pp.233-238

,

H. Yurimoto, M. Morioka, and H. Nagasawa, Oxygen self-diffusion along high 980 diffusivity paths in forsterite, Geochemical Journal, vol.26, pp.181-188, 1992.

,

Y. Zhao, -. Ginsberg, S. Kohlstedt, and D. L. , Experimental investigation on 983 water solubility in olivine single crystal with different Fe content, Acta Petrologica, p.984, 2001.

. Sinica, , vol.17, pp.123-128

Y. H. Zhao, M. E. Zimmerman, and D. L. Kohlstedt, Effect of iron content on the 986 creep behavior of olivine: 1. Anhydrous conditions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, NF_SM, which is the starting material (b) sample NF_1200-1, p.1003, 2009.

, TEM images of microstructures in post-deformation pre-doping 1004 polycrystalline olivine (e) sample NF_1200-1 and, pp.950-951

, Arrhenius diagrams of He diffusion coefficients obtained from step heating analyses of 1007 (a) undeformed sample NF_SM and deformed samples (b) NF_950-1, p.1008

. Burnard, Multiple linear regressions were performed on each heating cycle, and the best-1009 fit model for each cycle was selected based on the results of F-tests (see text and 1010 supplementary material). Gray dotted lines are the exceptions to F-tests, pp.1200-1201, 2015.

. Delon, and He diffusion in Mg vacancies, 2018.

. Delon, Grey 1020 points indicate data for the corresponding cycles that were reprocessed using three linear 1021 regressions instead of two (see text), 2018.

, Arrhenius diagram of He grain boundary diffusion (reprocessed from Delon, diffusion in interstitial sites and Mg vacancies (data from this study and Delon, 1026.

, reprocessed to fit the data using three linear regressions instead of two as we favored this 1041 model instead of the results of the F-tests (see text for more details)