A. Abosch, L. Timmermann, S. Bartley, H. G. Rietkerk, D. Whiting et al., An international survey of deep brain stimulation procedural steps, Stereotact Funct Neurosurg, vol.91, issue.1, pp.1-11, 2013.

F. Alonso, M. A. Latorre, N. Goransson, P. Zsigmond, and K. Wårdell, Investigation into deep brain stimulation lead designs: a patient-specific simulation study, Brain Sci, vol.6, issue.3, 2016.

M. Aström, L. U. Zrinzo, S. Tisch, E. Tripoliti, M. I. Hariz et al., Method for patient-specific finite element modeling and simulation of deep brain stimulation, Med Biol Eng Comput, vol.47, issue.1, pp.21-28, 2009.

M. Aström, E. Tripoliti, M. I. Hariz, L. U. Zrinzo, I. Martinez-torres et al., Patient-specific model-based investigation of speech intelligibility and movement during deep brain stimulation, Stereotact Funct Neurosurg, vol.88, issue.4, pp.224-233, 2010.

M. Astrom, J. Lemaire, and K. Wårdell, Influence of heterogeneous and anisotropic tissue conductivity on electric field distribution in deep brain stimulation, Med Biol Eng Comput, vol.50, issue.1, pp.23-32, 2012.

M. Astrom, E. Diczfalusy, H. Martens, and K. Wårdell, Relationship between neural activation and electric field distribution during deep brain stimulation, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, vol.62, issue.2, pp.664-672, 2015.

M. T. Barbe, P. Reker, S. Hamacher, J. Franklin, D. Kraus et al., DBS of the PSA and the VIM in essential tremor: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, Neurology, vol.91, issue.6, pp.543-550, 2018.

P. Blomstedt and M. Hariz, The paper that wrote itself-a ghost story, Mov Disord, vol.33, issue.9, pp.1509-1510, 2018.

P. Blomstedt, G. Hariz, M. I. Hariz, and L. Koskinen, Thalamic deep brain stimulation in the treatment of essential tremor: a long-term follow-up, Br J Neurosurg, vol.21, issue.5, pp.504-509, 2007.

P. Blomstedt, U. Sandvik, and S. Tisch, Deep brain stimulation in the posterior subthalamic area in the treatment of essential tremor, Mov Disord, vol.25, issue.10, pp.1350-1356, 2010.

P. Blomstedt, A. Fytagoridis, M. Åström, J. Linder, L. Forsgren et al., Unilateral caudal zona incerta deep brain stimulation for Parkinsonian tremor, Parkinsonism Relat Disord, vol.18, issue.10, pp.1062-1066, 2012.

F. Caire, L. Ouchchane, J. Coste, J. Gabrillargues, P. Derost et al., Subthalamic nucleus location: relationships between stereotactic AC-PC-based diagrams and MRI anatomy-based contours, Stereotact Funct Neurosurg, vol.87, issue.6, pp.337-347, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01552987

T. D'albis, C. Haegelen, C. Essert, S. Fernandez-vidal, F. Lalys et al., PyDBS: an automated image processing workflow for deep brain stimulation surgery, Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg, vol.10, issue.2, pp.117-128, 2015.

D. Pallavaram, S. Li, R. Remple, M. S. Kao, C. Neimat et al., CranialVault and its CRAVE tools: a clinical computer assistance system for deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy, Med Image Anal, vol.16, issue.3, pp.744-753, 2012.

T. A. Dembek, M. T. Barbe, M. Astrom, M. Hoevels, V. Visser-vandewalle et al., Probabilistic mapping of deep brain stimulation effects in essential tremor, Neuroimage Clin, vol.13, pp.164-173, 2017.

P. Dowsey-limousin, Postoperative management of vim DBS for tremor, Mov Disord, vol.17, issue.3, pp.208-211, 2002.

A. Fedorov, R. Beichel, J. Kalpathy-cramer, J. Finet, J. Fillion-robin et al., Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network, 2012.

, Magn Reson Imaging, vol.30, issue.9, pp.1323-1341

A. Fytagoridis, M. Astrom, K. Wårdell, and P. Blomstedt, Stimulation-induced side effects in the posterior subthalamic area: distribution, characteristics and visualization, Clin Neurol Neurosurg, vol.115, issue.1, pp.65-71, 2013.

C. Gabriel, S. Gabriel, and E. Corthout, The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey, Phys Med Biol, vol.41, issue.11, pp.2231-2249, 1996.

T. Guo, K. W. Finnis, A. G. Parrent, and T. M. Peters, Visualization and navigation system development and application for stereotactic deep-brain neurosurgeries, Comput Aided Surg, vol.11, issue.5, pp.231-239, 2006.

W. Hamel, J. Herzog, F. Kopper, M. Pinsker, D. Weinert et al., Deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic area is more effective than nucleus ventralis intermedius stimulation for bilateral intention tremor, Acta Neurochir, vol.149, issue.8, pp.749-758, 2007.

S. Hemm and K. Wårdell, Stereotactic implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes: a review of technical systems, methods and emerging tools, Med Biol Eng Comput, vol.48, issue.7, pp.611-624, 2010.

S. Hemm, D. Pison, F. Alonso, A. Shah, J. Coste et al., Patient-specific electric field simulations and acceleration measurements for objective analysis of intraoperative stimulation tests in the thalamus, Front Hum Neurosci, vol.10, issue.577, pp.1-14, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01550215

T. M. Herrington, J. J. Cheng, and E. N. Eskandar, Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation, J Neurophysiol, vol.115, issue.1, pp.19-38, 2016.

M. Keane, S. Deyo, A. Abosch, J. A. Bajwa, and M. D. Johnson, Improved spatial targeting with directionally segmented deep brain stimulation leads for treating essential tremor, J Neural Eng, vol.9, issue.4, p.46005, 2012.

M. Kitagawa, J. Murata, S. Kikuchi, Y. Sawamura, H. Saito et al., Deep brain stimulation of subthalamic area for severe proximal tremor, Neurology, vol.55, issue.1, pp.114-116, 2000.

P. Krack, V. Fraix, A. Mendes, A. Benabid, and P. Pollak, Postoperative management of subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, vol.17, issue.3, pp.188-197, 2002.

A. M. Kuncel, S. E. Cooper, and W. M. Grill, A method to estimate the spatial extent of activation in thalamic deep brain stimulation, Clin Neurophysiol, vol.119, issue.9, pp.2148-2158, 2008.

Y. Kwon, S. H. Park, J. W. Kim, Y. Ho, H. M. Jeon et al., Quantitative evaluation of parkinsonian rigidity during intra-operative deep brain stimulation, Biomed Mater Eng, vol.24, issue.6, pp.2273-2281, 2014.

J. J. Lemaire, J. Coste, L. Ouchchane, S. Hemm, P. Derost et al., MRI anatomical mapping and direct stereotactic targeting in the subthalamic region: functional and anatomical correspondence in Parkinson's disease, Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg, vol.2, issue.2, pp.75-85, 2007.

J. Lemaire, L. Sakka, L. Ouchchane, F. Caire, J. Gabrillargues et al., Anatomy of the human thalamus based on spontaneous contrast and microscopic voxels in high-field magnetic resonance imaging, Neurosurgery, vol.66, issue.3, pp.161-172, 2010.

S. Miocinovic, S. F. Lempka, G. S. Russo, C. B. Maks, C. R. Butson et al., Experimental and theoretical characterization of the voltage distribution generated by deep brain stimulation, Exp Neurol, vol.216, issue.1, pp.166-176, 2009.

J. Murata, M. Kitagawa, H. Uesugi, H. Saito, Y. Iwasaki et al., Electrical stimulation of the posterior subthalamic area for the treatment of intractable proximal tremor, J Neurosurg, vol.99, issue.4, pp.708-715, 2003.

P. Plaha, N. K. Patel, and S. S. Gill, Stimulation of the subthalamic region for essential tremor, J Neurosurg, vol.101, issue.1, pp.48-54, 2004.

A. Ramirez-zamora and J. L. Ostrem, Globus Pallidus Interna or subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease: a review, JAMA Neurol, 2018.

P. Reker, T. A. Dembek, J. Becker, V. Visser-vandewalle, and L. Timmermann, Directional deep brain stimulation: a case of avoiding dysarthria with bipolar directional current steering, Parkinsonism Relat Disord, vol.31, pp.156-158, 2016.

U. Sandvik, L. Koskinen, A. Lundquist, and P. Blomstedt, Thalamic and subthalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: where is the optimal target, Neurosurgery, vol.70, issue.4, p.840, 2012.

E. L. Schaeffer, D. Y. Liu, J. Guerin, M. Ahn, S. Lee et al., A low-cost solution for quantification of movement during DBS surgery, J Neurosci Methods, vol.303, pp.136-145, 2018.

W. Schüpbach, S. Chabardes, C. Matthies, C. Pollo, F. Steigerwald et al., Directional leads for deep brain stimulation: opportunities and challenges, Mov Disord, vol.32, issue.10, pp.1371-1375, 2017.

M. Schüpbach, S. Chabardes, C. Matthies, C. Pollo, F. Steigerwald et al., Mov Disord, vol.33, issue.9, pp.1510-1511, 2018.

A. Shah, J. Coste, J. J. Lemaire, E. Schkommodau, and S. Hemm-ode, Use of quantitative tremor evaluation to enhance target selection during deep brain stimulation surgery for essential tremor, Curr Dir Biomed Eng, vol.1, issue.1, pp.488-492, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01865462

A. Shah, J. Coste, J. Lemaire, E. Taub, W. Schüpbach et al., Intraoperative acceleration measurements to quantify improvement in tremor during deep brain stimulation surgery, Med Biol Eng Comput, vol.55, issue.5, pp.845-858, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01580256

A. Shah, J. Coste, J. Lemaire, E. Schkommodau, E. Taub et al., A novel assistive method for rigidity evaluation during deep brain stimulation surgery using acceleration sensors, J Neurosurg, vol.127, issue.3, pp.602-612, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01654621

A. A. Shah, F. Alonso, D. Vogel, K. Wårdell, J. Coste et al., Analysis of adverse effects of stimulation during DBS surgery by patient-specific FEM simulations, 2018 40 th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society (EMBC). IEEE, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01883418

F. Tamma, E. Caputo, V. Chiesa, M. Egidi, M. Locatelli et al., Anatomo-clinical correlation of intraoperative stimulation-induced side-effects during HF-DBS of the subthalamic nucleus, Neurol Sci, vol.23, issue.2, pp.109-110, 2002.

F. Vassal, J. Coste, P. Derost, V. Mendes, J. Gabrillargues et al., Direct stereotactic targeting of the ventrointermediate nucleus of the thalamus based on anatomic 1.5-T MRI mapping with a white matter attenuated inversion recovery (WAIR) sequence, Brain Stimul, vol.5, issue.4, pp.625-633, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01556884

K. Wårdell, E. Diczfalusy, and M. Åström, Patient-specific modeling and simulation of deep brain stimulation. In: Gefen A (ed) Patient-specific modeling in tomorrow's medicine, p.9, 2012.

, , pp.357-375

K. Wårdell, L. Zrinzo, M. Hariz, and M. Andersson, )Patientspecific brain modelling for deep brain stimulation simulations, 2013 6th international IEEE/EMBS conference on neural engineering (NER). IEEE, pp.148-151, 2013.

K. Wårdell, Z. Kefalopoulou, E. Diczfalusy, M. Andersson, M. Åström et al., Deep brain stimulation of the pallidum internum for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a patientspecific model-based simulation study of the electric field, Neuromodulation, vol.18, issue.2, pp.90-96, 2015.

L. Zrinzo, Pitfalls in precision stereotactic surgery, Surg Neurol Int, vol.3, issue.1, pp.61-61, 2012.

, Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations

. Dr, Ashesh Shah is currently doing his post-doc at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland after completing his

. Mr, Electrical engineering at the Strasbourg University in 2015 and is a PhD student at the Linköping

. Dr, Fabiola Alonso obtained her PhD in 2018 from Linköping University where she is currently a postdoctoral researcher. Her research is focused in DBS electrodes using finite element models

. Prof and . Dr, Jean-Jacques Lemaire is the head of Neurosurgery at the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital

D. Mrs and . Pison, She worked as a project leader at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, CEO of 4Dvets AG, Switzerland, obtained her MSc in Bioengineering in 2006 from the University of

. Dr, Jérôme Coste completed his PhD study in Neuroscience in 2006 (Auvergne University), and is an electrophysiologist in the

. Prof and . Karin, Wårdell is a professor at the, DBS and optics in neurosurgery. She is a fellow of EAMBES and IAMBE

. Prof and . Erik, Schkommodau is the head of the Institute for Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland. He co-supervised the work

. Prof and . Simone, Hemm is Professor in Neuroengineering at the Institute for Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics at FHNW, Switzerland and guest researcher and docent at Linköping University