W. Ait-helal, A. Borbon, S. Sauvage, J. A. De-gouw, A. Colomb et al., Volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds in suburban Paris: variability, origin and importance for SOA formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.14, pp.10439-10464, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01119963

S. K. Akagi, R. J. Yokelson, C. Wiedinmyer, M. J. Alvarado, J. S. Reid et al., Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.11, pp.4039-4072, 2011.

E. Assamoi and C. Liousse, A new inventory for two-wheel vehicle emissions in West Africa for, Atmos. Environ, vol.44, pp.3985-3996, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00518401

R. Atkinson and J. Arey, Atmospheric Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds, Chem. Rev, vol.103, pp.4605-4638, 2003.

J. Bahino, V. Yoboué, C. Galy-lacaux, M. Adon, A. Akpo et al., Ivoire: contribution to an overview of gaseous pollution in African cities, Measurements of nonmethane hydrocarbons in 28 United States cities, vol.2, pp.170-182, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02202034

B. Barletta, S. Meinardi, I. J. Simpson, H. A. Khwaja, D. R. Blake et al., Mixing ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere of Karachi, Atmos. Environ, vol.36, issue.02, pp.302-305, 2002.

J. Bechara, A. Borbon, C. Jambert, A. Colomb, and P. E. Perros, Evidence of the impact of deep convection on reactive Volatile Organic Compounds in the upper tropical troposphere during the AMMA experiment in West Africa, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.10, pp.10321-10334, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00986892

D. M. Bon, I. M. Ulbrich, J. A. De-gouw, C. Warneke, W. C. Kuster et al., Measurements of volatile organic compounds at a suburban ground site (T1) in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign: measurement comparison, emission ratios, and source attribution, Atmos, Chem. Phys, vol.11, pp.2399-2421, 2011.

A. Borbon, H. Fontaine, M. Veillerot, N. Locoge, J. C. Galloo et al., An investigation into the traffic-related fraction of isoprene at an urban location, Atmos. Environ, vol.35, pp.3749-3760, 2001.

A. Borbon, N. Locoge, M. Veillerot, J. C. Galloo, G. et al., Characterisation of NMHCs in a French urban atmosphere: overview of the main sources, Sci. Total Environ, vol.292, pp.177-191, 2002.

A. Borbon, J. B. Gilman, W. C. Kuster, N. Grand, S. Chevaillier et al., Emission ratios of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in northern mid-latitude megacities: Observations versus emission inventories in Los Angeles and Paris, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, vol.118, pp.2041-2057, 2013.

A. Borbon, A. Boynard, T. Salameh, A. Baudic, V. Gros et al., Is Traffic Still an Important Emitter of Monoaromatic Organic Compounds in European Urban Areas?, Environ. Sci. Technol, vol.52, pp.513-521, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01756486

A. Boynard, A. Borbon, T. Leonardis, B. Barletta, S. Meinardi et al., Spatial and seasonal variability of measured anthropogenic non-methane hydrocarbons in urban atmospheres: Implication on emission ratios, Leaf level emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from some Amazonian and Mediterranean plants, vol.82, pp.5855-5873, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00878765

J. Brito, F. Wurm, A. M. Yáñez-serrano, J. V. De-assunção, J. M. Godoy et al., Vehicular Emission Ratios of VOCs in a Megacity Impacted by Extensive Ethanol Use: Results of Ambient Measurements in São Paulo, Brazil, Environ. Sci. Technol, vol.49, pp.11381-11387, 2015.

D. Brocco, R. Fratarcangeli, L. Lepore, M. Petricca, and I. Ventrone, Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air of Rome, Atmos. Environ, vol.31, pp.557-566, 1997.

J. A. De-gouw, J. B. Gilman, S. Kim, B. M. Lerner, G. Isaacmanvanwertz et al., Chemistry of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Los Angeles basin: Nighttime Removal of Alkenes and Determination of Emission Ratios, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, vol.122, pp.11843-11861, 2017.

A. Deroubaix, L. Menut, C. Flamant, J. Brito, C. Denjean et al., Diurnal cycle of coastal anthropogenic pollutant transport over southern West Africa during the DACCIWA campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.19, pp.473-497, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01981087

R. G. Derwent, M. E. Jenkin, S. M. Saunders, and M. J. Pilling, Photochemical ozone creation potentials for organic compounds in northwest Europe calculated with a master chemical mechanism, Atmos. Environ, vol.32, pp.2429-2441, 1998.

R. G. Derwent, M. E. Jenkin, N. R. Passant, and M. J. Pilling, Photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) for different emission sources of organic compounds, Atmos. Environ, vol.41, pp.2570-2579, 2007.

R. G. Derwent, M. E. Jenkin, S. R. Utembe, D. E. Shallcross, T. P. Murrells et al., Secondary organic aerosol formation from a large number of reactive manmade organic compounds, Sci. Total Environ, vol.408, pp.3374-3381, 2010.

A. Detournay, S. Sauvage, N. Locoge, V. Gaudion, T. Leonardis et al., Development of a sampling method for the simultaneous monitoring of straightchain alkanes, straight-chain saturated carbonyl compounds and monoterpenes in remote areas, J. Environ. Monit, vol.13, pp.983-90, 2011.

J. Djossou, J. Léon, A. B. Akpo, C. Liousse, V. Yoboué et al., Mass concentration, optical depth and carbon composition of particulate matter in the major southern West African cities of Cotonou (Benin) and Abidjan, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.18, pp.6275-6291, 2018.

P. A. Dominutti, T. Nogueira, A. Borbon, M. Andrade, F. De et al., One-year of NMHCs hourly observations in São Paulo megacity: meteorological and traffic emissions effects in a large ethanol burning context, Atmos. Environ, vol.142, pp.371-382, 2016.

S. A. Epstein, I. Riipinen, and N. M. Donahue, A Semiempirical Correlation between Enthalpy of Vaporization and Saturation Concentration for Organic Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol, vol.44, pp.743-748, 2010.

C. Gaimoz, S. Sauvage, V. Gros, F. Herrmann, J. Williams et al., Volatile organic compounds sources in Paris in spring 2007. Part II: source apportionment using positive matrix factorisation, Environ. Chem, vol.8, p.91, 2011.

J. B. Gilman, B. M. Lerner, W. C. Kuster, P. D. Goldan, C. Warneke et al., Anthropogenic VOCs in Abidjan, southern West Africa other trace gases from fuels common in the US, Biomass burning emissions and potential air quality impacts of volatile organic compounds and, vol.15, pp.13915-13938, 2015.

C. Granier, B. Bessagnet, T. Bond, A. D'angiola, H. Denier-van-der-gon et al., Identification and quantification of gaseous organic compounds emitted from biomass burning using two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-offlight mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.109, pp.1865-1899, 2011.

N. V. Heeb, A. Forss, C. Bach, S. Reimann, A. Herzog et al., A comparison of benzene, toluene and C2-benzenes mixing ratios in automotive exhaust and in the suburban atmosphere during the introduction of catalytic converter technology to the Swiss Car Fleet, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.34, pp.7683-7701, 1970.

K. Jaars, J. P. Beukes, P. G. Van-zyl, A. D. Venter, M. Josipovic et al., Ambient aromatic hydrocarbon measurements at Welgegund, South Africa, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.14, pp.7075-7089, 2014.

K. Jaars, P. G. Van-zyl, J. P. Beukes, H. Hellén, V. Vakkari et al., Measurements of biogenic volatile organic compounds at a grazed savannah grassland agricultural landscape in South Africa, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.16, pp.15665-15688, 2016.

M. E. Jenkin, R. G. Derwent, and T. J. Wallington, Photochemical ozone creation potentials for volatile organic compounds: Rationalization and estimation, Atmos. Environ, vol.163, pp.128-137, 2017.

S. Keita, C. Liousse, V. Yoboué, P. Dominutti, B. Guinot et al., Particle and VOC emission factor measurements for anthropogenic sources in West Africa, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.18, pp.7691-7708, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02169151

P. Knippertz, H. Coe, J. C. Chiu, M. J. Evans, A. H. Fink et al., The DACCIWA Project: Dynamics-AerosolChemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc, vol.96, pp.1451-1460, 2015.

P. Knippertz, M. J. Evans, P. R. Field, A. H. Fink, C. Liousse et al., The possible role of local air pollution in climate change in West Africa, Nat. Clim. Chang, vol.5, pp.815-822, 2015.

P. Knippertz, A. H. Fink, A. Deroubaix, E. Morris, F. Tocquer et al., A meteorological and chemical overview of the DACCIWA field campaign in West Africa, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.17, pp.10893-10918, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01518455

A. R. Koss, K. Sekimoto, J. B. Gilman, V. Selimovic, M. M. Coggon et al., Non-methane organic gas emissions from biomass burning: identification, quantification, and emission factors from PTR-ToF during the FIREX 2016 laboratory experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.18, pp.3299-3319, 2018.

A. Kumar, D. Singh, K. Kumar, B. B. Singh, and V. K. Jain, Distribution of VOCs in urban and rural atmospheres of subtropical India: Temporal variation, source attribution, ratios, OFP and risk assessment, Sci. Total Environ, pp.492-501, 2018.

C. Liousse, E. Assamoi, P. Criqui, C. Granier, and R. Rosset, Explosive growth in African combustion emissions from, Environ. Res. Lett, vol.9, p.35003, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01317163

J. A. Manion, R. E. Huie, R. D. Levin, D. R. Orkin, V. L. Tsang et al., NIST Chemical Kinetics Database, 2015.

C. H. Mari, C. E. Reeves, K. S. Law, G. Ancellet, M. D. Andrés-hernández et al., Atmospheric composition of West Africa: Highlights from the AMMA international program, Atmos. Sci. Lett, vol.12, pp.13-18, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00569542

A. Muezzinoglu, M. Odabasi, and L. Onat, Volatile organic compounds in the air of Izmir, Turkey, Atmos. Environ, vol.35, pp.753-760, 2001.

A. Niedojadlo, K. H. Becker, R. Kurtenbach, and P. Wiesen, The contribution of traffic and solvent use to the total NMVOC emission in a German city derived from measurements and CMB modelling, Atmos. Environ, vol.41, pp.7108-7126, 2007.

A. L. Robinson, N. M. Donahue, M. K. Shrivastava, E. A. Weitkamp, A. M. Sage et al., Rethinking Organic Aerosols: Semivolatile Emissions and Photochemical Aging, Science, vol.315, pp.1259-1262, 2007.

T. Salameh, C. Afif, S. Sauvage, A. Borbon, and N. Locoge, Speciation of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) from anthropogenic sources in Beirut, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res, vol.21, pp.10867-10877, 2014.

T. Salameh, S. Sauvage, C. Afif, A. Borbon, T. Leónardis et al., Exploring the seasonal NMHC distribution in an urban area of the Middle East during ECOCEM campaigns: Very high loadings dominated by local emissions and dynamics, Environ. Chem, vol.12, pp.316-328, 2015.

T. Salameh, A. Borbon, C. Afif, S. Sauvage, T. Leonardis et al., Composition of gaseous organic carbon during ECOCEM in Beirut, Lebanon: new observational constraints for VOC anthropogenic emission evaluation in the Middle East, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.17, pp.193-209, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02183400

T. Salameh, S. Sauvage, C. Afif, A. Borbon, and N. Locoge, Source apportionment vs. emission inventories of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in an urban area of the Middle East: local and global perspectives, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.16, pp.3595-3607, 2016.

J. E. Saxton, A. C. Lewis, J. H. Kettlewell, M. Z. Ozel, F. Gogus et al., Isoprene and monoterpene measurements in a secondary forest in northern Benin, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.7, pp.4095-4106, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00328518

J. H. Seinfeld and S. N. Pandis, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. From Air Pollution to Climate Change, Second edn, 2006.

K. Sekimoto, A. R. Koss, J. B. Gilman, V. Selimovic, M. M. Coggon et al., High-and low-temperature pyrolysis profiles describe volatile organic compound emissions from western US wildfire fuels, Atmos, Chem. Phys, vol.18, pp.9263-9281, 2018.

. Sie-ci, , 2010.

I. J. Simpson, S. K. Akagi, B. Barletta, N. J. Blake, Y. Choi et al., Boreal forest fire emissions in fresh Canadian smoke plumes: C 1 -C 10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.11, pp.6445-6463, 2011.

R. Sommariva, J. A. De-gouw, M. Trainer, E. Atlas, P. D. Goldan et al., Emissions and photochemistry of oxygenated VOCs in urban plumes in the Northeastern United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.11, pp.7081-7096, 2011.

W. T. Sommers, R. A. Loehman, and C. C. Hardy, Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: Science overview and knowledge needs, For. Ecol. Manage, vol.317, pp.1-8, 2014.

C. E. Stockwell, P. R. Veres, J. Williams, Y. , R. J. Schneidemesser et al., Characterization of biomass burning emissions from cooking fires, peat, crop residue, and other fuels with high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Atmos, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.15, p.19804, 2010.

M. Wang, M. Shao, W. Chen, B. Yuan, S. Lu et al., A temporally and spatially resolved validation of emission inventories by measurements of ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.14, pp.5871-5891, 2014.

Y. Wang, S. M. Owen, Q. Li, and J. Peñuelas, Monoterpene emissions from rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in a changing landscape and climate: chemical speciation and environmental control, Glob. Change Biol, vol.13, pp.2270-2282, 2007.

C. Warneke, S. A. Mckeen, J. A. De-gouw, P. D. Goldan, W. C. Kuster et al., Determination of urban volatile organic compound emission ratios and comparison with an emissions database, J. Geophys. Res, vol.112, 2007.

C. Wiedinmyer, R. J. Yokelson, and B. K. Gullett, Global Emissions of Trace Gases, Particulate Matter, and Hazardous Air Pollutants from Open Burning of Domestic Waste, Environ. Sci. Technol, vol.48, pp.9523-9530, 2014.

R. J. Yokelson, I. R. Burling, J. B. Gilman, C. Warneke, C. E. Stockwell et al., Coupling field and laboratory measurements to estimate the emission factors of identified and unidentified trace gases for prescribed fires, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.13, pp.89-116, 2013.

Q. Zhang, B. Yuan, M. Shao, X. Wang, S. Lu et al., Variations of ground-level O 3 and its precursors in Beijing in summertime between, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.14, pp.6089-6101, 2005.