Purpose: This study aimed to explore neuromuscular fatigue and recovery profiles in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) after exhausting submaximal contraction. Methods: Ten men with ID were compared to 10 men without ID. The evaluation of neuromuscular function consisted in brief (3 s) isometric maximal voluntary contraction (IMVC) of the knee extension superimposed with electrical nerve stimulation before, immediately after, and during 33 min after an exhausting submaximal isometric task at 15% of the IMVC. Force, voluntary activation level (VAL), potentiated resting twitch (Ptw), and electromyography (EMG) signals were measured during IMVC and then analyzed. Results: Individuals with ID developed lower baseline IMVC, VAL, Ptw, and RMS/Mmax ratio (root-mean-square value normalized to the maximal peak-to-peak amplitude of the M-wave) than controls (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, the time to task failure was significantly longer in ID vs. controls (p < 0.05). The 2 groups presented similar IMVC decline and recovery kinetics after the fatiguing exercise. However, individuals with ID presented higher VAL and RMS/Mmax ratio declines but lower Ptw decline compared to those without ID. Moreover, individuals with ID demonstrated a persistent central fatigue but faster recovery from peripheral fatigue. Conclusion: These differences in neuromuscular fatigue profiles and recovery kinetics should be acknowledged when prescribing training programs for individuals with ID.